Table 1 The general characteristics of developed ACDO devices
Year | Refs. | Mechanism | Total size (mm) | Maximum travel (mm) | Generated force (N) | Operated DR (mm/day) | Distraction accuracy (μm) | Distraction step error (μm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | [31] | Motor-driven | – | 13.6 | – | 1 | 40 | 0.5 |
2000 | [27] | Hydraulic | – | – | 30 to 50 | 1.5 | – | – |
2004 | [32] | Motor-driven | 57 | 15 | 70 | 1 | 1000 | 20 |
2005 | [42] | Hydraulic | – | 16 | 20 | 1 | – | – |
2008 | [21] | Motor-driven | 55 | 10 | 19 | 0.9 | – | 80 |
2009 | [30] | Hydraulic | 30 to 100 | 25 | 25 to 40 | 1 | 10 | 86 |
2009 | [22] | Hydraulic | – | 15 | – | 0.9 | – | 21,000 |
2010 | [33] | Motor-driven | 60 | 15 | 57 | 1 | 600 | – |
2011 | [20] | Motor-driven | 35 | 7 | 2.84 | 1.4 | 200 | 2000 |
2011 | [34] | Motor-driven | – | 3 | – | 3 | 0.75 | 30 |
2013 | [13] | Hydraulic | 18 | 12 | 25 to 40 | 1.5 | – | Average < 500 |
3 | Average < 1000 | |||||||
4.5 | – | |||||||
2014 | [1] | Motor-driven | – | 18 | – | 2.4 | 300 | 4 |
2015 | [28] | Hydraulic | – | 30 | 25 to 40 | 3 | – | – |
2019 | [36] | Motor-driven | 25 | 22 | 38 | 1 | 0.0076 | 0.00006 |
3 | 0.00006 | |||||||
5 | 0.00002 |