Table 6 Analysis of robot-assisted spinal surgery based on AR
Authors and year | Surgical approach | Radiation exposure time (s/screw or puncture) | Study type | Accuracy (%) | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kantelhardt et al. 2011 | Open and percutaneous | Freehand: 77.0; robotic-guided open: 43.0 | Retrospective | Freehand: 91.4; robotic: 94.5 | 8 |
Keric et al. 2017 | Percutaneous | 22.4 | Retrospective | 96.9 | 13 |
Hyun et al. 2016 | Open and percutaneous | Freehand: 13.3; robotic: 3.5 | Prospective | Freehand: 98.6; robotic: 100 | 2 |
Lonjon et al. 2015 | Open | Freehand: 4.8; robotic: 18.5 | Prospective | Freehand: 92; robotic: 97.3 | 3 |
Kim et al. 2016 | Open and percutaneous | 4.8 | Prospective | Freehand:99.4; robotic:99.4 | None |
Roser et al. 2013 | Open and percutaneous | Freehand: 31.5; robotic: 16.0 | Prospective | Freehand: 97.5; robotic: 99 | None |
Solomiichuk et al. 2017 | Open and percutaneous | Freehand: 20.7; robotic: 25.1 | Retrospective | Freehand: 83.6; robotic: 84.4 | None |
Macke et al. 2016 | Open | Not listed | Retrospective | 92.8; 97.6 | None |
This study | Minimally invasive | Freehand: 2; robotic: 2 | Prospective | Freehand: 50; robotic: 100 | None |