Table 1 Material constants used in macroscale model

E_r

Radial drained Young’s modulus

14.58 (GPa)

ν_r

Radial drained Poisson’s ratio

0.325

E_z

Axial drained Young’s modulus

20.3 (GPa)

ν_z

Axial drained Poisson’s ratio

0.25

M

Biot’s modulus

38 (GPa)

α

Biot’s effective coefficient

0.12

ϕ_v

Vascular porosity

0.04

ρ_S

Solid density

2000 (kg/m³)

ρ_f

Fluid density

1000 (kg/m³)

k_vp

Vascular permeability

10⁻¹⁵ (m²)

µ

Dynamic viscosity

10⁻³ (Pa s)

a

Inner radius of bone tissue

2 (mm)

b

Outer radius of bone tissue

5 (mm)

C_p

Fluid compressibility

4 × 10⁻¹⁰ (1/Pa)