Fig. 7
From: Retraction mechanics of Finochietto-style self-retaining thoracic retractors
Force and displacement for a thoracotomy with three ruptures evident (marked by arrows). Retraction to DA = 50 mm over 60 s. Retraction proceeded as six clicks. Surgeon changed the position of his hand at the point marked with an asterisk. Three audible rib fractures were heard (marked with numbered arrows). The force change when the surgeon changed the position of his hand is similar to that seen for the rib fractures