A review on low-dimensional physics-based models of systemic arteries: application to estimation of central aortic pressure

Table 1 Main applications of Windkessel models, 1D models and tube-load models

Model type	Main applications	References
Windkessel models	Estimation of cardiac output	[32, 94]
	Estimation of total peripheral resistance	[112]
	Estimation of total arterial compliance	[30, 33, 113]
	Estimation of aortic input impedance	[114, 115]
	Estimation of stroke volume	[116, 117]
	Estimation of central aortic pressure	[22, 23, 44,45,46,47,48]
	Providing outflow boundary condition	[34, 50, 60, 97]
	Physiological simulation of circulatory system	[118,119,120]
	Pathological simulation of circulatory system	[121,122,123]
1D models	Simulation of pulse wave propagation dynamics	[18, 34, 97, 124,125,126,127]
	Wave intensity analysis	[128,129,130]
	Estimation of central aortic pressure	[24, 25, 68, 69]
	Assessing the performance of algorithms and indexes	[131,132,133]
Tube-load models	Estimation of pulse wave transit time/velocity	[21, 81, 134, 135]
	Calculation of forward and backward waves	[77, 136, 137]
	Estimation of artery stenosis and stiffness	[134, 138]
	Prediction of the change of vessel diameter	[139]
	Estimation of central aortic pressure	[26, 27, 71,72,73,74, 90, 93]