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Table 7 Frame of wet technologies to decellularize diverse tissues

From: Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materials properties

Tissue

Species

Form [2D; 3D]

Freeze/thaw cycles

Washing cycles

Surfactant

Acid/base

Enzyme treatment

Complexing agents

Mechanical treatment

Sterilisation /decontamin.

Time (h)

Refs.

Water, buffer, salts

SDS, Triton X, others

Organic, inorganic

DNAse, protease

CHAPS, EDTA, etc

SIS

Porcine

2D

+

125

13

−

−

−

(−)

−

138

[492]

Pericardium

Bovine

2D

−

1

−

3

−

−

−

Gamma

4

[46]

Tendon

Diverse

3D

        

5–48 (96)

[493]

Dermis

Human

2D

+

19

−

−

3

47

−

Gamma

69

[494]

Dermis

Porcine

2D

+

18***

22**

−

6

(+)

(+)

PAA; H2O2*

49

[495]

Dermis

Porcine

Dispers

+

4

2

8

−

−

+

−

13

[496]

Dermis

Porcine

Dispers

+

35

−

39

−

−

+

H2O2

74

Own trials, unpublished

  1. The numbers reflect hours of treatment
  2. as, antiseptic processing; ab, addition of antibiotics
  3. * Additionally other sterilization techniques were investigated
  4. ** Complexing agents and surfactant are applied together
  5. *** Washing comprised 12 h ethanol treatment