Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materials properties

Table 5 Different kinetics have to be considered which influence the processing times during tissue decellularization, purification and processing

Time scale	T; T opt (°C)	Reaction rate			Remark	Refs.
Time scale	T; T opt (°C)	pH 3	pH 7	pH 12	Remark	Refs.
Denaturation	> T_D	Seconds	Seconds to hours	Seconds	Depending on the degree of structural organization, crosslinking degree, solvent concentration and additives	[181, 480,481,482,483]
Renaturation	0 to ~ 20; 4 to 10	Hours to months	Hours to months	Hours to months	Dependent on the sequence, molecular length and covalent crosslinks	[152, 481, 484, 485]
Reassembly/fibrillation	10 to 38; 20 to 35	–	Minutes to hours	–	Only possible in neutral conditions	[186, 190, 191, 486,487,488]
Disassembly	< 37; < 5	Seconds	Minutes to hours	Seconds	At pH deviating from the IEP a high swelling is observed which can be assumed as disassembly [343]	[189, 191, 487]
Crosslinking reaction		Seconds to hours	Seconds to hours	Seconds to hours	Highly dependent on the kind of reaction	[192, 248, 420, 421, 489,490,491]
Diffusion		Hours	Minutes to hours	Hours	See special section

ISSN: 1475-925X