Fig. 3

State transition diagram of sequential decision-based control logic represented in Mealy machine structure form was developed to control the transition between left ventricular PV phases. The Variables, parameters that are held constant, are Piston cross-sectional area (A), b₃, b₂, b₁, b₀, Isovolumetric Contraction Offset, Systolic Ejection Rate, and Systolic Ejection Offset. The Inputs, parameters that can change with time, are \({\text{LV}}_{\text{ESP}}\), \({\text{LV}}_{\text{ESV}}\), \({\text{LV}}_{\text{EDV}}\), \({\text{LV}}_{\text{EIRP}}\), Time (t), Measured Pressure (P), and Measured Volume (V). The Output, the output variable of the model, is Force (F) applied to the piston in Newtons. The single curved arrow donates the initial time-dependent conditions of the model. The oval shapes are the five states of the model. The dotted hoop arrow denotes the output of the state until a specific condition is met. The straight arrows are the transition direction once the condition annotated is satisfied. The sample rate is 1024 Hz