Fig. 5
a The thermal lesion created in the control case (phantoms without droplets). b The thermal lesion created after (row 1) 10 s exposure to continuous wave (CW) at 30 V, (row 2) exposure to 200 pulses of pulse wave at 150 V followed by 10 s of continuous wave at 30 V in the phantoms with different droplet concentrations, which were 1.07 × 105/mL, 3.41 × 105/mL, 1.07 × 106/mL, 3.41 × 106/mL, and 1.07 × 107/mL, respectively. c The thermal lesion created after (row 1) 10 s exposure to continuous wave, (row 2) exposure to 200 pulses of pulse wave at 150 V followed by 10 s of continuous wave. The input voltage of the continuous wave were 20 V, 25 V, 30 V, 35 V, 40 V, and 45 V, respectively. The droplet concentration in the phantom was 3.41 × 105/mL. d Volume of the thermal lesions as function of droplet concentration (n ≥ 4). e Volume of the thermal lesions in phantom with droplet concentration of 3.41 × 105/mL as function of CW input voltage (n ≥ 4). The scale bar represents 2 mm. ** Represents p < 0.01 between PW combined with CW and CW alone