Fig. 4

The viability of Schwann cells at different titanium substrate surface at 48 h. a pure titanium, b TNT group, c TNT + 5MC, d TNT + 20MC, e TNT + 50MC, and f TNT + 100MC; g the viability of Schwann cells viability at 48 h (mean ± SD, n = 6); h S100B staining of Schwann cells (Cells stained in green represented S100B positive cells, while the nucleus were stained in blue by DAPI). Asterisk (*) indicate significant difference values compared with pure titanium group. Hash (#) indicate significant difference values compared with TNT group (p < 0.05)