Fig. 5

Changes in tension, strain, and ATP consumption rate depending on APD variation. Graphs showing variation in tension (a), strain (b) and ATP consumption rate (c) with time in each ventricular tissue: the endocardium (Endo), mid-myocardium (M), and epicardium (Epi). Snapshots of end-systolic tension, ATP consumption rate, and end-diastolic strain in a three-dimensional sinus pacing simulation. ‘ATP CR’ denotes ATP consumption rate, and ‘BCL’ denotes basic cycle length, which is 600 ms