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Table 1 Loading types for humerus-only testing and the number of studies in which they were performed

From: Biomechanical analysis of plate systems for proximal humerus fractures: a systematic literature review

Loading type/s (LT)

Description

Number of studies

References

1

Axial loading

7

[24,25,26,27,28,29,30]

2

Torsion

2

[31, 32]

3

Bending

3

[33,34,35]

4

Combined bending and axial loading

14

[7, 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48]

1 + 2

 

4

[49,50,51,52]

2 + 3

 

10

[8, 9, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60]

2 + 4

 

2

[61, 62]

3 + 4

 

1

[63]

1 + 2 + 3

 

2

[64, 65]

1 + 2 + 4

 

5

[66,67,68,69,70]

2 + 3 + 4

 

1

[10]