Fig. 5From: Simulation of phase contrast angiography for renal arterial modelsPCA sequence waveforms implemented in the designed MR angiography simulator. In our study, for the 2D PCA velocity encoding gradients are switched on only in the slice-selection (SS) direction. In 3D, velocity encoding is also performed on phase-encoding (PE) and read-out (RO) axes. The dotted lines in the VENC lobes indicate that the sequence is repeated for reversed polarization of the gradients. EPI is presented for NETL = 4 with three gradient blips interleaving consecutive readouts during one TR cycle. Conventional PCA waveforms (2- and 3-dimensional) are presented for two TR cyclesBack to article page