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Fig. 5 | BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Fig. 5

From: Simulation of phase contrast angiography for renal arterial models

Fig. 5

PCA sequence waveforms implemented in the designed MR angiography simulator. In our study, for the 2D PCA velocity encoding gradients are switched on only in the slice-selection (SS) direction. In 3D, velocity encoding is also performed on phase-encoding (PE) and read-out (RO) axes. The dotted lines in the VENC lobes indicate that the sequence is repeated for reversed polarization of the gradients. EPI is presented for NETL = 4 with three gradient blips interleaving consecutive readouts during one TR cycle. Conventional PCA waveforms (2- and 3-dimensional) are presented for two TR cycles

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