Fig. 4From: A simulation study on the effects of neuronal ensemble properties on decoding algorithms for intracortical brain–machine interfacesIllustrations of the non-stationarity of the PDs over time. The transparent gray color area from t = − 3000 to 0 denotes the training period in which the PDs do not change over time. On the contrary, the transparent red color area from t = 0 to 3000 denotes the test period in which the PDs gradually change over timeBack to article page