2D paper | Case | N (particles) | r (µm) | \(k_{l,base}\) (N/m/particle) | \(k_{b,base}\) (J/rad/particle) | \(k_{a}\) (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsubota et al. [38] | – | 76 | 3.0 | 1.1E+04 | 6.6E−12 | 1.0E−05 |
Wang et al. [40] | Min | 76 | 2.8 | 2.5E−02 | 1.3E−15 | 1.0E−09 |
Max | 2.5E−01 | 1.3E−14 | 1.0E−08 | |||
Pan et al. [56] | Min | 76 | 2.8 | 2.5E−03 | 1.3E−16 | 1.0E−10 |
Max | 7.4E−01 | 3.9E−14 | 3.0E−08 | |||
Shi et al. [22] | – | 76 | 2.8 | 1.2E+04 | 6.6E−12 | 1.0E−05 |
Wang et al. [57] | Min | 76 | 2.8 | 2.5E−04 | 1.3E−17 | 1.0E−11 |
Max | 1.2E−02 | 6.6E−16 | 5.0E−10 | |||
Tsubota et al. [41] | Min | 48 | 3.0 | 2.7E+01 | 4.2E−13 | 2.0E−07 |
Max | 2.7E+03 | 4.2E−11 | 2.0E−05 | |||
Shi et al. [36] | – | 76 | 2.8 | 1.2E+04 | 6.6E−12 | 1.0E−05 |
– | 88 | 2.8 | 1.4E+04 | 5.7E−12 | 1.0E−05 | |
Polwaththe-Gallage et al. [34] | – | 88 | 2.8 | 8.5E−01 | 3.4E−14 | 3.0E−08 |
Wang et al. [55] | Min | 76 | 2.8 | 7.4E−02 | 3.9E−15 | 3.0E−09 |
Max | 7.4E−01 | 3.9E−14 | 3.0E−08 | |||
Present study | – | 400 | 3.0 | 7.8E−04 | 9.8E−20 | 2.3E−10 |
3D paper | Case | N (particles) | r (µm) | \(k_{L,base}\) (N/m/particle) | \(k_{B,base}\) (J/rad/particle) | \(k_{V}\) (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsubota et al. [43] | – | 2304 | 3.27 | 2.6E+04 | 5.6E−22 | 1.8E−16 |
Nakamura et al. [45] | – | Not stated | 3.25 | Variable stiffness | Not calculable | 4.3E−15 |
Shi et al. [42] | Min | 770 | 3.28 | 7.1E−09 | 2.9E−21 | 4.7E−15 |
Max | 9.7E−09 | 4.1E−21 | 4.7E−15 | |||
Wu et al. [48] | 1 | 440 | 2.8 | 2.7E−08 | 3.2E−21 | Not stated |
2 | 1058 | 1.1E−08 | 1.3E−21 | Not stated | ||
Nakamura et al. [47] |  | 2648 | 3.27 | Variable stiffness | 3.8E−06 | 4.4E−15 |
– | 954 | 3.1 | 1.6E−08 | 2.0E−20 | 3.7E−15 | |
Present study | – | 1922 | 3.3 | 1.1E−07 | 2.8E−18 | 7.0E−10 |