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Fig. 7 | BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Fig. 7

From: Lead field theory provides a powerful tool for designing microelectrode array impedance measurements for biological cell detection and observation

Fig. 7

a The simulated normalized transfer impedance magnitude spectrum and b locus for the four-electrode configuration. Without the cell (baseline) the magnitude spectrum (a) is a straight line. The impedance locus (b) exhibits the characteristic half ellipse. c The impedance at 100 kHz shown as a function of the horizontal position of the cell for different vertical distances from the MEA base plate

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