Fig. 5

a The simulated normalized impedance magnitude spectrum and b locus for the two-electrode configuration. Baseline (a–c) is the impedance simulated without a cell. With the cell, positive sensitivity caused an increase in the impedance in the frequency range above 100 Hz in the normalized magnitude spectrum (a). The RC characteristic half ellipse is to some extent visible in the locus plot (b) at higher frequencies. c The impedance at 100 kHz shown as a function of the horizontal position of the cell for different vertical distances from the MEA base plate and electrodes. The microelectrode spanned between the points 35 and 65 µm, and the cell was 20 µm wide