Fig. 1

Plot of \(f_{E}(\kappa \tau , \nu )\) of (7) on the plane of (\(\kappa \tau\), \(\nu\)). \(f_{E}(\cdot , \cdot )\) is a quantitative measure, the sum of the squared errors, that describes how the system response of model (5) with corresponding parameters is close to the data in Table 2. The ranges of \(\kappa \tau\) and \(\nu\) in this figure are [0.00, 0.26] and [0.00, 0.12], respectively