Instantaneous phase difference analysis between thoracic and abdominal movement signals based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition

Table 1 Results of phase difference estimation on various simulated signals

θ ₀	Sinusoidal signals with correlated noise			Triangular signals with correlated noise
θ ₀	IPD	Loop analysis	APEP	IPD	Loop analysis	APEP
20°	20 ± 0.14	19 ± 0.10^***	20 ± 0.28	20 ± 0.13	15 ± 0.14^***	20 ± 0.37
30°	30 ± 0.22	29 ± 0.17^***	30 ± 0.31	30 ± 0.23	23 ± 0.19^***	30 ± 0.26
50°	50 ± 0.33	49 ± 0.29^***	50 ± 0.70	50 ± 0.27	42 ± 0.33^***	50 ± 0.63
90°	90 ± 0.40	90 ± 0.97	90 ± 0.51	90 ± 0.36	90 ± 1.04^*	90 ± 0.60
140°	140 ± 0.44	140 ± 0.63^*	140 ± 0.44^***	140 ± 0.34	146 ± 0.63^***	138 ± 0.46^***
170°	170 ± 0.49	170 ± 0.63^***	156 ± 0.45^***	170 ± 0.49	172 ± 0.63^***	150 ± 0.57^***

θ ₀	Sinusoidal signals with uncorrelated noise			Triangular signals with uncorrelated noise
θ ₀	IPD	Loop analysis	APEP	IPD	Loop analysis	APEP
20°	20 ± 0.33	19 ± 0.46^***	27 ± 0.41^***	20 ± 0.34	15 ± 0.40^***	32 ± 0.35^***
30°	30 ± 0.34	29 ± 0.49^***	32 ± 0.41^***	30 ± 0.45	23 ± 0.45^***	36 ± 0.49^***
50°	50 ± 0.42	49 ± 0.53^***	50 ± 0.69	50 ± 0.36	42 ± 0.60^***	50 ± 0.87^**
90°	90 ± 0.34	90 ± 0.71	90 ± 0.44	90 ± 0.35	90 ± 0.95	90 ± 0.44
140°	140 ± 0.30	140 ± 0.43^***	140 ± 0.43	140 ± 0.31	146 ± 0.48^***	140 ± 0.45
170°	170 ± 0.35	169 ± 0.32^***	170 ± 0.32	170 ± 0.35	172 ± 0.33^***	170 ± 0.34^***

The results of phase difference estimation done by using IPD, loop analysis, and APEP on simulated time series under different simulation setups. The θ ₀ and the estimated phase difference were submitted to one-sample t test
The significant difference between the estimated phase difference and the gold standard θ ₀ is denoted by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

ISSN: 1475-925X