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Table 1 Effect of the type of lighting of the face on the pulse measurement

From: Blood pulsation measurement using cameras operating in visible light: limitations

Type of lighting

Measurement error δ for the adopted level of significance

Comments

Daylight

±2 [beats per minute] for p < 0.01

Best results

LED

±3 [beats per minute] for p < 0.3

Dependent on control systems (one-half power results in a greater measurement error)

Bulb with filament

±2 [beats per minute] for p < 0.02

Comparable with visible light

Fluorescent light bulb

±4 [beats per minute] for p < 0.1

A greater error for a higher heart rate