Fig. 10
Different stages of operations performed on patients with HLHS: a The general schematic of the heart in the HLHS condition; RV supports both pulmonary and systemic circulations. b Stage I (Norwood): the ascending aorta and aortic arch is reconstructed, and a shunt is inserted between the pulmonary artery and subclavian vessel, c Stage II (Glenn): the superior vena cava is connected to the pulmonary artery to isolate the pulmonary circulation, d Stage III (Fontan): both superior and inferior vena cave arteries are connected to the pulmonary to completely isolate the pulmonary and systemic circulations [67] (Reprinted from [67], with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd)