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Fig. 3 | BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Fig. 3

From: Evaluation of a newly developed piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet system for liver resection in a surviving swine animal model

Fig. 3

Surgical procedures. a The Glissonean pedicle of the right inferior side of the right median lobe (segment V and a part of segment VIII) was encircled and ligated at the hepatic hilum without liver dissection (white arrow). After the border between the ischemic area and the residual area was confirmed, the liver parenchyma was dissected (black arrow). LLL left lateral lobe, LML left median lobe, RML right median lobe, RLL right lateral lobe, CL caudate lobe. b The border between the ischemic area and the residual area was apparent after ligation of the Glissonean pedicle. c When the piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet system was used to transect the liver parenchyma, the vessels were clearly skeletonized with little damage (black arrows). Some vessels were ligated (white arrows). NZ nozzle of the handpiece. d Hemostasis was achieved when the transection was complete. Some vessels were ligated (white arrows)

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