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Table 1 Summary of bradykinesia assessment methods

From: Quantitative assessment of parkinsonian bradykinesia based on an inertial measurement unit

Method or research

Joint; task

Angle measure

Parameters

Examiners’ assessment

Hand; grasps, PS a /fingers; taps

Visual by the neurologist

Range, frequency

Salarian [6]

Wrist; –

Gyroscope

Range, amplitude, durations

Niazmand [7]

Fingers; taps

Metal contact pieces

Average and standard deviation of the durations

Kim [8]

Fingers; taps

Gyroscope

RMS velocity and angle, PSD

Espay [5]

Fingers; taps

Gyroscope

Speed, amplitude, rhythm

Heldman [9]

Foot; toe-taps, leg agility

Gyroscope

RMS of angular velocity and angle

Heldman [10], Kinesia HomeView™ [14]

Hand; grasps, PS a /fingers; taps

Gyroscope, accelerometer

Range, frequency

Printy [11]

Finger; taps/hand; P–Sa

Gyroscope, accelerometer

Frequency, amplitude, rhythm

Dunnewold [12]

Wrist; Taps

Accelerometer

Tap rate, durations

Zwartjes [13]

Wrist/thigh/foot/sternum; taps

Accelerometer

Range and minimum of acceleration, durations,

  1. P–S a Pronation–Supination, RMS root mean square and PSD power spectral density.