Table 4 Summarized results from the market review
References | Product Name | Feature highlights and characteristics | Sensor type | Algorithm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
[135] | 3 M Littmann Range | Bell mode (20–200 Hz) Diaphragm mode (100–500 Hz) Extended mode(20–1,000 Hz) Amplify sounds up to 24 times | Piezoelectric sensor | Ambient noise reduction using ANC Friction noise dampening No built-in signal classifier |
[136] | Thinklabs One Digital | Filter for adjusting sound in bell/diaphragm mode, and acoustic mode Amplify sounds up to 100 times | Patented capacitive transducer | Ambient noise reduction, specific HSs extraction (e.g., valve clicks) and LS removal by filtering No built-in signal classifier |
[137] | Welch-Allyn Elite Electronic Stethoscope | Bell mode (heart): 20–420 Hz Diaphragm mode (lungs) 350–1,900 Hz Integrated ECG | Piezoelectric sensor | Ambient noise reduction with novel sensor design No built-in signal classifier |
[138] | Cardionics E-scope II | Selectable frequency response for HS and LS. Amplify sounds up to 30 times Complement system enabling ECG capability | Microphone | NM |
[139] | Rijuven CardioSleeve | Stethoscope add-on device Allows regular stethoscope to have simultaneous acquisition and quantitative measurements of ECG and cardiac acoustical data | NA, stethoscope add-on device | Normal and abnormal HSs identification and quantification Murmur detection |
[140] | Ekoscope | Bell mode Diaphragm mode Diaphragm plus mode Eight built-in EKG electrodes | NM | NM |
[16] | JABES Life Sound System | Diaphragm mode: 200–500 Hz Bell mode: 20–200 Hz Wide mode: 20–1,000 Hz Amplify body sounds up to 20 times | NM | Heart beat calculation Ambient noise and hand tremor cancellation No built-in signal classifier |
[141] | ViScope | Bell mode Diaphragm mode Body sound amplification up to 30 times Real-time visual display of multiple waveforms | NM | Patented visualization algorithms |