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Table 5 Frontal ground reaction force (GRF) and lever arm

From: Immediate and long-term efficacy of laterally-wedged insoles on persons with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis during walking

 

Conditions

Evaluation time

p value

Baseline

Follow-up

Barefoot vs. LW at Baseline

Barefoot vs. LW at Follow-up

Baseline vs. Follow-up

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

First peak KAM

 Frontal GRF (%BW)

Barefoot

93.86

6.39

90.98

11.42

0.18

0.79

0.91

LW

97.94

2.86

88.81

15.76

0.25

 Frontal lever arm (%LL)

Barefoot

4.59

1.15

3.26

1.01

0.03*

0.61

0.02†

LW

2.00

1.14

2.15

1.44

0.60

Second peak KAM

 Frontal GRF (%BW)

Barefoot

98.78

3.40

90.78

12.59

1.00

0.93

0.25

LW

98.78

1.71

90.16

16.34

0.75

 Frontal lever arm (%LL)

Barefoot

4.17

1.28

3.09

1.44

0.03*

0.56

0.02†

LW

2.67

1.29

2.78

1.51

0.92

  1. SD standard deviation, LW laterally-wedged, LL leg length, BW body weight, GRF ground reaction force
  2. * Significant difference barefoot versus LW at Baseline.
  3. †Significant difference Baseline versus Follow-up during barefoot condition.
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