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Table 2 Joint angles and moments at the hip

From: Immediate and long-term efficacy of laterally-wedged insoles on persons with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis during walking

 

Conditions

Evaluation time

p value

Baseline

Follow-up

Barefoot vs. LW at Baseline

Barefoot vs. LW at Follow-up

Baseline vs. Follow-up

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

First peak KAM

 Hip adduction (+)/abduction (−) angle (°)

Barefoot

7.57

2.67

7.61

2.82

0.66

0.32

0.91

LW

7.01

1.54

5.91

2.88

0.46

 Hip internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) angle (°)

Barefoot

−1.28

4.92

−2.11

2.71

0.39

0.48

0.75

LW

0.91

3.37

−1.04

2.35

0.46

 Hip flexion (+)/extension (−) angle (°)

Barefoot

9.78

4.55

13.56

4.43

0.66

0.28

0.35

LW

10.75

2.70

10.75

4.27

0.91

 Hip adductor (+)/abductor (−) moment (%BW*LL)

Barefoot

11.44

1.14

10.53

3.24

0.80

0.51

0.91

LW

11.29

0.80

11.55

1.73

0.60

 Hip external rotator (+)/internal rotator (−) moment (%BW*LL)

Barefoot

0.37

0.57

0.73

0.86

0.79

0.67

0.46

LW

0.29

0.42

0.54

0.63

 

0.75

 Hip extensor (+)/flexor (−) moment (%BW*LL)

Barefoot

1.63

1.06

0.54

2.02

0.48

0.54

0.11

LW

0.95

2.04

1.57

3.50

0.92

Second peak KAM

 Hip adduction (+)/abduction (−) angle (°)

Barefoot

5.52

2.30

4.63

2.40

0.19

0.10

0.60

LW

3.78

2.00

2.47

1.76

0.06

 Hip internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) angle (°)

Barefoot

3.81

5.07

1.98

2.79

0.52

0.25

0.35

LW

5.39

2.97

3.78

2.37

0.46

 Hip flexion (+)/extension (−) angle (°)

Barefoot

−5.08

1.70

0.02

6.07

0.17

0.10

0.09

LW

−2.86

3.32

−5.50

4.36

0.12

 Hip adductor (+)/abductor (−) moment (%BW*LL)

Barefoot

10.86

0.76

8.59

2.78

0.21

0.32

0.12

LW

10.03

1.34

10.00

1.86

0.75

 Hip external rotator (+)/internal rotator (−) moment (%BW*LL)

Barefoot

−1.52

0.70

−0.94

1.16

0.95

0.33

0.25

LW

−1.50

0.48

−1.53

0.83

0.92

 Hip extensor (+)/flexor (−) moment (%BW*LL)

Barefoot

−1.97

1.79

−2.49

3.05

0.94

0.82

0.46

LW

−2.04

2.06

−1.99

4.27

0.92

  1. SD standard deviation, LW laterally-wedged, LL leg length, BW body weight.