Figure 2

Temperature change at two typical sites (A and E as marked in Figure 1 ) in the cochlea (laser pulse energy E = 25 μJ with pulse rates of 10 Hz). Site A represents the nerve layer 100 μm underneath the osseous spiral lamina, and site E represents the center of the modiolus. The inset shows the temperature variation between three pulses heating. The peak temperature rise at A after 10 seconds is about 0.2°C, while it is less than 0.05°C at E.