From: Pneumatic-type surgical robot end-effector for laparoscopic surgical-operation-by-wire
 | Trial number | Volunteer 1 | Volunteer 2 | Volunteer 3 | Volunteer 4 | Volunteer 5 | Total mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOBW | 1 | 255 | 222 | 172 | 154 | 241 | 209 |
2 | 221 | 192 | 115 | 153 | 174 | 171 | |
3 | 148 | 169 | 125 | 122 | 181 | 149 | |
Mean | 208 | 194 | 137 | 143 | 199 | 176 | |
SD | 45 | 22 | 25 | 15 | 30 | 27 | |
dVRK | 1 | 148 | 132 | 73 | 90 | 147 | 118 |
2 | 167 | 108 | 66 | 98 | 131 | 114 | |
3 | 97 | 100 | 129 | 84 | 126 | 107 | |
Mean | 137 | 113 | 89 | 91 | 135 | 113 | |
 | SD | 30 | 14 | 28 | 6 | 9 | 4 |