Table 2 Mechanical properties of the main ligaments for the finite element model
Deflection (mm) | Force ( N) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anterior longitudinal | Posterior longitudinal | Spinous | Ligamentum flavum | Capsular | ||||||
C3-C7 | C5-C7 | C3-C5 | C5-C7 | C3-C5 | C5-C7 | C3-C5 | C5-C7 | C3-C5 | C5-C7 | |
0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
1 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 25.0 | 20.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | — | — | — | — |
2 | 52.0 | 40.0 | 44.0 | 40.0 | 12.5 | 14.0 | 38.0 | 30.0 | 55.0 | 75.0 |
3 | 72.0 | 58.0 | 62.0 | 60.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | — | — | — | — |
4 | 89.0 | 78.0 | 78.0 | 78.0 | 22.5 | 25.0 | 60.0 | 68.0 | 130.0 | 145.0 |
5 | 102.0 | 98.0 | 89.0 | 92.0 | 26.0 | 29.0 | — | — | — | — |
6 | 115.0 | 112.0 | — | — | 30.0 | 32.5 | 80.0 | 102.0 | 180.0 | 204.0 |
7 | — | — | 32.5 | 35.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 108.0 | 130.0 | 210.0 | 250.0 |
9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 230.0 | 265.0 |