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Table 3 Articulatory parameters obtained in this study

From: A magnetic resonance imaging study on the articulatory and acoustic speech parameters of Malay vowels

Vowel

Gender

Articulatory parameter

Measurement (mm) of articulatory parameters by frame number

Mean

STD

Variance

   

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

   

a

M

TTCL

19.47

21.57

25.25

28.67

27.88

24.73

20.78

24.05

3.5528

12.6226

TBCL

9.47

13.42

11.84

12.63

5.26

12.1

10.26

10.7114

2.7593

7.6137

LA

11.31

12.63

12.1

12.36

11.31

12.63

11.84

12.0257

0.5637

0.3178

F

TTCL

17.01

25.42

27.7

30.5

29.1

27.35

24.37

25.9214

4.4411

19.7238

TBCL

6.66

8.24

10.69

12.27

10.34

12.27

8.06

9.79

2.1835

4.7676

LA

4.91

8.76

13.32

15.42

10.86

12.09

5.08

10.0629

4.0235

16.1885

e

M

TTCL

11.57

12.63

13.68

14.73

16.05

14.47

13.15

13.7543

1.4799

2.1901

TBCL

8.21

9.79

8.47

11.36

11.1

7.94

10.05

9.56

1.3868

1.9233

LA

9.73

11.57

11.31

11.05

13.42

12.1

12.1

11.6114

1.1325

1.2826

F

TTCL

13.6

19.03

21.13

23.23

27.09

22.88

20.78

21.1057

4.1678

17.3706

TBCL

7.23

6.88

7.75

8.63

8.98

7.75

8.63

7.9786

0.7877

0.6205

LA

1.58

5.08

10.34

11.74

13.84

12.97

12.97

9.7886

4.6605

21.7201

Ó™

M

TTCL

12.31

15.47

19.68

21.52

25.47

23.63

20.73

19.83

4.5734

20.9164

TBCL

6.09

4.51

7.93

9.25

10.56

9.25

11.88

8.4957

2.5445

6.4743

LA

6.58

6.84

6.58

8.15

7.1

7.89

9.47

7.5157

1.06

1.1237

F

TTCL

13.67

21.38

23.48

25.76

30.67

25.06

22.6

23.2314

5.1701

26.7298

TBCL

3.33

5.96

5.78

5.96

7.01

5.96

6.13

5.7329

1.1343

1.2866

LA

3.86

11.74

10.34

8.76

12.27

7.71

10.51

9.3129

2.879

8.2887

i

M

TTCL

6.31

5.52

6.05

6.05

6.84

6.84

8.15

6.5371

0.851

0.7243

TBCL

1.84

2.37

3.16

4.21

5.79

3.68

1.84

3.27

1.4326

2.0523

LA

6.84

5.26

6.84

8.94

7.1

6.05

7.89

6.9886

1.1935

1.4243

F

TTCL

15.77

16.3

20.33

15.77

16.82

18.05

11.74

16.3971

2.6097

6.8105

TBCL

1.05

1.58

2.1

2.28

1.93

1.4

1.23

1.6529

0.4622

0.2136

LA

10.51

12.44

0.18

10.69

1.75

12.09

12.79

8.6357

5.3277

28.3847

o

M

TTCL

14.21

24.46

31.83

29.99

23.15

12.63

11.05

21.0457

8.4642

71.642

TBCL

5.67

10.14

8.04

8.04

8.3

4.36

8.3

7.55

1.9159

3.6706

LA

4.74

6.31

4.47

5.79

6.31

4.74

4.47

5.2614

0.8441

0.7125

F

TTCL

22.25

24.36

25.58

27.69

30.67

29.09

26.99

26.6614

2.8595

8.1765

TBCL

5.71

5.53

7.46

6.94

6.24

6.94

7.99

6.6871

0.9052

0.8194

LA

11.74

3.5

11.92

11.92

12.97

11.04

8.94

10.29

3.2426

10.5146

u/

M

TTCL

15.26

24.73

26.04

28.94

26.04

24.73

16.84

23.2257

5.1194

26.2082

TBCL

4.74

4.74

3.16

4.74

3.95

4.74

3.16

4.1757

0.7514

0.5647

LA

3.68

1.84

2.1

3.16

2.63

4.47

6.05

3.4186

1.4729

2.1696

F

TTCL

18.92

21.55

28.04

29.61

31.19

28.56

25.06

26.1329

4.4976

20.2287

TBCL

3.68

2.45

2.98

1.93

8.41

2.8

3.86

3.73

2.169

4.7046

  

LA

2.98

1.75

1.93

2.45

8.76

1.75

1.75

3.0529

2.5591

6.5489