Figure 1

Sketch showing the cardiac and vascular components of the simulation model. The dark yellow area is the pericardium containing the cardiac chambers and coronary vessels. The light yellow area is the intra-thoracic space containing the pericardium, the pulmonary circulation and the thoracic aorta. The extra-thoracic space contains the carotid/subclavian circulation in the upper part and the rest of the systemic circulation in the lower left part.