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Table 3 Comparison of the clustering results for the Khan dataset

From: Clustering gene expression data using a diffraction‐inspired framework

Algorithm

AEC

AVI

ACC (%)

Diffractive clustering

53.3

98.4

70.0

k‐means

49.1

105.7

63.0

Fuzzy c‐means

50.9

113.7

65.1

Hierarchical clustering (single)

40.7

79.8

43.2

Hierarchical clustering (centroid)

51.0

106.3

57.8

Self‐organising map

46.3

15.7

54.2

Gaussian Mixture Model

51.8

102.2

50.6

DBSCAN

46.8

100.7

55.4

  1. The diffractive clustering algorithm outperforms the other clustering algorithms in terms of accuracy, with the fuzzy c‐means algorithm performing well in terms of the validity index.