Figure 3From: Dynamic measurement of pennation angle of gastrocnemius muscles during contractions based on ultrasound imaging Analysis of results on synthetic images. Analysis of results on synthetic images with different noise levels, the actual orientation is arctangent of 1/3 (18.4 degrees), the arrows overlaid on (a-c) stand for the orientations estimated. (a) Synthetic image, noise: mean = 0, normalized variance = 0%; (b) Synthetic image, noise: mean = 0, normalized variance = 50%; (c) Synthetic image, noise: mean = 0, normalized variance = 100%. (d) Errors of the estimated orientation compared to the actual value.Back to article page