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Figure 4 | BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Figure 4

From: A new electric method for non-invasive continuous monitoring of stroke volume and ventricular volume-time curves

Figure 4

Typical examples of a ventricular volume-time curves (red, thick line), produced by the HCP. These volume-time curves were measured on human volunteers, in a standing position, before inflation of the G-suit. The vertical axis shows the ventricular volume change (V(τ)−V(0)) in ml, as calculated using eq. 12; the horizontal axis shows the time τ(i.e., the time that has lapsed since the last R-peak of the ECG), in milliseconds. a: volunteer with a heart rate of 69 bpm, stroke volume of 73 ml, and cardiac output of 5.0 l/min. b: volunteer with a higher heart rate of 94 bpm, stroke volume of 50 ml, and cardiac output of 4.7 l/min. In both (a) and (b), the ECG (thin line, blue) was measured simultaneously by the HCP, and has been plotted above the corresponding volume-time plot. For each of the volunteers, five different phases of the cardiac cycle (indicated by A to F in the volume-time graphs) can be recognized: A = Isovolumetric contraction phase, B = Ejection phase, C = Isovolumetric relaxation phase, D = Rapid filling phase, E = Diastasis, F = Atrial kick. For each volume-time plot, the dashed vertical lines indicate the boundaries between the various heart phases.

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